She also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Prior to 1863, different regions of modern-day Burma were governed separately. During the Japanese occupation of Burma from 1942 to 1945, a Japanese military commander headed the government, while the British-appointed governor headed the colony in exile. As of 2014, the advisory teams and leaders included: ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတရုံး, "Four New Ministries Created in President's Office", "Burma President's Office Appoints First Spokesperson", "Myanmar president pledges to work for best of nation with advisory board", "Burma: the Clash of Church, State, and Society", "Burmese President Appoints New Religious Advisors", Gazette of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Communications and Information Technology, Investment and Foreign Economic Relations, Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_President_of_Myanmar&oldid=1007344845, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Research, Information and Complaints Department, This page was last edited on 17 February 2021, at 17:22. This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 22:24. She held the title of state counselor, a powerful position created for her, from 2016 to … ... Myanmar Military Regime Denies Responsibility for Death of Woman Shot at Naypyit. From 2 January 1923 to 4 January 1948, British Burma was led by a Governor, who led the cabinet and was responsible for the colony's defence, foreign relations, finance, and ethnic regions (Frontier Areas and Shan States). Mya Thwe Thwe Khaing was injured two days before her … The Australian Government is deeply concerned at reports the Myanmar military is once again seeking to seize control of Myanmar and has detained State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint. Myanmar remained without a constitution until 2008. [1] On 9 January 2013 Thein Sein appointed deputy Minister of Information Ye Htut as his office's first official spokesperson. On 26 August 1988, she addressed half a million people at a mass rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagodain the capital, calling for a democratic g… The 2008 constitution is the present constitution of Myanmar. Upon taking power in September 1988, the military based State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) suspended the 1974 constitution. in Chapter 1: The President, Part I: The Federation of Myanmar in the Constitution of Myanmar. is the head of state and head of government of Myanmar and leads the Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the Burmese government. The names below are listed in alphabetical order, without using a system of ranking, and solely reflect the opinions of the editors at The Myanmar Times. It created a unicameral legislature called the People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw), represented by members of the Burma Socialist Programme Party The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. Approved in a 1973 referendum, the 1974 constitution was the second constitution to be written. The woman shot in the head last week during protests against Myanmar's military coup has died. Myanmar security forces cracked down on anti-coup protesters in the country's second-largest city Mandalay on Friday, injuring at least three people, two of whom were shot in the chest by rubber bullets and another who suffered a wound on his leg. The constitutional convention was again called in 2004, but without the NLD. In spite of its earlier opposition to the 2008 constitution, the NLD participated in the 2012 by-election for 46 seats and won a landslide victory, with Aung San Suu Kyi becoming a member of parliament, alongside 42 others from her party. The legislative branch was a bicameral legislature called the Union Parliament, consisting of two chambers, the 125-seat Chamber of Nationalities (လူမျိုးစုလွှတ်တော် Lumyozu Hluttaw) and the Chamber of Deputies (ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော် Pyithu Hluttaw), whose seat numbers were determined by the population size of respective constituencies.The 1947 constitution was largely based on the 1946 Yugoslav Constitution, and several Burmese officials visited Zabeleska o razgovoru druga Price sa predstavnikom burmanske vlade Maung Ohn, dana 5 decembra 1947 godine [Minutes of conversation between comrade Prica and the representative of the Burmese Government Maung Ohn, December 5th 1947]. Coincidentally, when Aung San Suu Kyi returned to Burma in 1988, the long-time military leader of Burma and head of the ruling party, General Ne Win, stepped down. [2], The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population; specifically the Presidential Electoral College, a three-committee body composed of members of parliament, elects the president. President has to be: According to the Constitution of Myanmar, the president: Moreover, upon taking oath in office, the president is constitutionally forbidden from taking part in any political party activities (Chapter III, 64). After President Htin Kyaw, Win Myint serves as the President of Myanmar till now. Vibe check: A woman doing a live aerobics class in #Myanmar this morning, apparently unaware of the ongoing coup. On 9 April 2008, the military government of Myanmar (Burma) released its proposed constitution for the country to be put to a vote in public referendum on 10 May 2008, as part of its roadmap to democracy. Aung San Suu Kyi returned to her home of Burma to find it roiling with anarchy under the thumb of strongman U Ne Win, and she spent the next 20 years fighting to give her country back to its people. From 2016 to now, the State Counsellor is Aung San Suu Kyi. YANGON—Myanmar’s President has forwarded an independent commission’s report that includes findings of “mass killings” and other atrocities against Rohingya Muslims during military clearance operations in northern Rakhine State in August 2017 to the country’s military chief for use in investigating and prosecuting the military personnel responsible. But after the 2015 general election, as Aung San Suu Kyi was constitutionally barred from becoming President, a position called State Counsellor, similar to the position of Prime Minister, was established for her in 2016. A woman who was shot in the head while protesting against Myanmar's military coup is in a critical condition at a hospital in the capital Nay Pyi Taw. September 17, 2020. Ne Win became the president at this time. After the 2015 election, while the president continues to be the head of state and de jure head of government, the de facto head of government and the dominant state figure was the State Counsellor of Myanmar and leader of the ruling National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi. By Kyaw Phyo Tha 21 January 2020 . Possibilities and Dilemmas for International NGOs', Transnational Institute and the Burma Centrum Nederland, Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam, from Burma Library, last accessed 5 October 2010 The SLORC called a constitutional convention in 1993, but it was suspended in 1996 when the National League for Democracy (NLD) boycotted it, calling it undemocratic. She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s and won the 2020 elections but on 1 February 2021, she was detained by the military during the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. The position of President was created in 1948, with the adoption of the Burmese Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. Myanmar Military Sues Suu Kyi and President with Further Charges. Biden added that more measures are to come. Burma became independent in 1948. Due to the country's long period of military rule, it has not been uncommon for the prime minister to be a serving (or recently retired) military officer. He resigned on 21 March 2018 and Myint Swe became acting president. Australia is a long-standing supporter of Myanmar and its democratic transition. March 4, 2021. They shall not be persons entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government or citizen of a foreign country; shall possess prescribed qualifications of the President, in addition to qualifications prescribed to stand for election to the Hluttaw. The Office of the President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတရုံး) is a ministry-level body that serves the President of Myanmar. The current president is Myint Swe, who assumed the presidency in an acting capacity on 1 February 2021 after the 2021 coup d'état. History. Before independence, Myanmar had two quasi-constitutions, The government of Burma Act, 1935 and Constitution of Burma under Japanese occupation, 1943. From 1 January 1944 to 31 August 1946, a British military governor governed the colony. November 10, 2020. YANGON, Myanmar (AP) — Anti-coup protesters in Myanmar's two largest cities on Saturday paid tribute to the young woman who died a day earlier after being shot by … Both Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were detained by the Tatmadaw in the 2021 coup d'état. The subsequent expansion of British Burma, with the acquisitions of Upper Burma and the Shan States throughout this period increased the demands of the position, and led to an upgrade in the colonial leadership and an expansion of government (Burma was accorded a separate government and legislative council in 1897).[6]. State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi now faces up to nine years in prison. The Constitution of Myanmar sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. Legal Constraints on Civil Society in Burma" (conference paper) 'Strengthening Civil Society in Burma. [2] The responsibility had been previously handled by Zaw Htay, the office's director. On 4 September 2012, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw approved an expansion of the office from two ministries into six to improve efficiencies on ongoing peace processes, preparations for the 2013 Southeast Asian Games and Burma's hosting of the 2014 ASEAN Summit. This process is similar to the one prescribed by the 1947 Constitution, in which MPs from the Parliament's Chamber of Nationalities and Chamber of Deputies elected the president by secret ballot. After independence, Myanmar adopted three constitutions in 1947, 1974 and 2008. We look at her rise and fall. Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, the position has remained vacant. And at the right time, they’re going to be restoring the republic with Trump as president,” one woman said. The president serves for a term of 5 years. YANGON, Myanmar (AP) — A call for a Monday general strike by demonstrators in Myanmar protesting the military’s seizure of power has been met by the ruling junta with a thinly veiled threat to use lethal force, raising the possibility of major clashes. Women in Myanmar face discrimination and limited decision-making power in their communities and in society more broadly. A 9-member advisory board[3] was appointed on 19 April 2011, under Notification No. By The Irrawaddy. 2 Killed In Myanmar In Worst Day Of Violence Since Feb. 1 Coup In Mandalay, the country's second-largest city, police reportedly used live rounds during a demonstration on Saturday. The president is not directly elected by Burmese voters; instead, they are indirectly elected by the Presidential Electoral College (သမ္မတရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့), an electoral body made of three separate committees. The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burmese: .mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{font-family:Pyidaungsu,"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,"Noto Sans Myanmar",mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}နိုင်ငံတော်‌ သမ္မတ; MLCTS: nuing ngam tau samma.ta.) Currently, the de facto head of government is Min Aung Hlaing, the chairman of the State Administrative Council. The president is the head of state and head of government. One committee is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each Region or State; another is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each township population; the third is of military-appointed MPs personally nominated by the Defence Services' commander-in-chief. Vatican Report Concludes McCarrick’s Ascent Was Aided by Misleading Accounts. In 2004, a power struggle between the then–head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, and his President, General Khin Nyunt, resulted in the prime minister being dismissed and arrested. Protesters denounced the military coup and demanded the release of elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. This is our first attempt to give recognition for their excellence. Each of the three committees nominates a presidential candidate. The prime minister position was abolished on 30 March 2011, according to the current Constitution (adopted in 2008). Mya Thwe Thwe Khaing was shot in … Consequently, from 1 May 1897 to 2 January 1923, the province was led by a lieutenant governor. U.S. President Joe Biden ordered new sanctions Wednesday, saying he was issuing an executive order that will prevent Myanmar’s generals from accessing $1 billion in assets in the United States. [5], From 31 January 1862 to 1 May 1897, British Burma was headed by a chief commissioner. Should a president resign for any reason or die in office, the Presidential Electoral College will meet and each of the three committees will nominate a candidate to finish out the prior President's term so that the terms of the legislature and presidency are synchronised. The office of the president was restored in 2011. Myanmar's new ruling junta is releasing tens of thousands of prisoners Friday as angry protests against the military coup continue for the seventh straight day. The UN special envoy on Myanmar warned of the potential for an escalation of violence from security forces on Wednesday, as anti-coup protesters are … In 1937, Burma was formally separated from British India and began to be administered as a separate British colony, with a fully elected bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. 02 The News For 2 March 2021. It’s going to be like Myanmar… The military is doing their own investigation. ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌ သမ္မတ, chairman of the State Administrative Council, State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), https://www.mmtimes.com/news/nld-cuts-salaries-mps-ministers-saves-nearly-k6b.html, Myanmar gov't declares 1-year state of emergency: President's Office, "FACTBOX – Myanmar's new political structure", Gazette of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Communications and Information Technology, Investment and Foreign Economic Relations, Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Myanmar&oldid=1008555080, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. On 9 January 2013 Thein Sein appointed deputy Minister of Information Ye Htut as his office's first official spokesperson. Mass demonstrations for democracy followed that event on 8 August 1988 (8–8–88, a day seen as auspicious), which were violently suppressed in what came to be known as the 8888 Uprising. Myanmar's army claimed the election was fraudulent. Historically, women in Myanmar (also known as Burma) have had a unique social status and esteemed women in Burmese society.According to the research done by Mya Sein, Burmese women "for centuries – even before recorded history" owned a "high measure of independence" and had retained their "legal and economic rights" despite the influences of Buddhism and Hinduism. The national government consisted of three branches: judicial, legislative and executive. On 15 March 2016, the Assembly of the Union elected Htin Kyaw as the 9th president of Myanmar. The actual power of the prime minister has considerably varied over time, differing based on who holds the office. Military vehicles arrive behind her to … Thein Sein has appointed several presidential advisory board during his term, including economics, legal, education, and religious affairs committees. shall be loyal to the Union and its citizens; shall be a citizen of Myanmar who was born of both parents who were born in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Union and being. On 4 September 2012, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw approved an expansion of the office from two ministries into six to improve efficiencies on ongoing peace processes, preparations for the 2013 Southeast Asian Games and Burma's hosting of the 2014 ASEAN Summit. There was a president from 1948 to 1962, and then 1974 and 1988. The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions by the Myanmar (formerly Burmese) government of the Muslim Rohingya people.The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. shall he himself, one of the parents, the spouse, one of the legitimate children or their spouses not owe allegiance to a foreign power, not be subject of a foreign power or citizen of a foreign country. The president of Myanmar and several members of the her ruling party have been arrested by the country’s military. shall be an elected person who has attained at least the age of 45; shall be well acquainted with the affairs of the Union such as political, administrative, economic and military; shall be a person who has resided continuously in the Union for at least 20 years up to the time of his election as President. [4] On 18 June 2014, the team was expanded to include religious affairs advisors, led by Myint Maung and Sein Win Aung, a former ambassador who is the father-in-law of Thein Sein's daughter.[5][6][7]. The nation’s political experiment appears to be over, with military generals in control and the civilian leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, under house arrest. 1/2011. Aung San Suu Kyi Was My Idol—Now She's Defending My People's Genocide; These Are the 57 Women Who Have Won the Nobel Prize; Myanmar's … A woman did her regular aerobics class out in open without realizing that a coup was taking place in #Myanmar. Read Now. Buddhist monks lead an anti-coup protest march in Mandalay, Myanmar, Saturday, Feb. 27, 2021. ... President Trump says two other Arab countries may soon recognise Israel. [4] The President was then responsible for appointing a prime minister (on the advice of the Chamber of Deputies), who was constitutionally recognised as the head of government and led the Cabinet. There is a plethora of outstanding women in Myanmar who deserve to be applauded for their many achievements. She served as the de facto head of government and the dominant state figure until she was removed with the 2021 coup d'état. On 28 March 2018, the Assembly of the Union elected Win Myint as the 10th president of Myanmar. is the head of state and head of government of Myanmar and leads the Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the Burmese government. Aung San Suu Kyi, human rights activist and opposition leader whose party, the National League for Democracy, came to power in Myanmar after the 2015 elections. Timeline of events in Myanmar since February 1 coup. The constitution is hailed by the military as heralding a return to democracy, but the opposition sees it as a tool for continuing military control of the country. … The 1947 constitution was drafted by Chan Htoon and was used from the country's independence in 1948 to 1962, when the constitution was suspended by the socialist Union Revolutionary Council, led by military general Ne Win. Check Also. Fears of a violent crackdown grow as protesters continue to rally across Myanmar calling for an end to military rule. Since then, eleven people have held the office (with two of them doing so on multiple occasions). Each term was 4 years. The candidate who receives the most votes from the nominees is elected. Between 1962 and 1974 and between 1988 and 2011, Burma was headed by military regimes. High-ranking members of the NLD, including President Win Myint and state counsellor Aung … Only ten percent of seats in Myanmar’s parliament are held by women and research by Oxfam shows that women encounter significant barriers to … The office has since been reduced to one ministry under President Htin Kyaw. Afterward, all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw MPs vote for one of three candidates—the candidate with the highest number of votes is elected president, while the other two are elected as vice-presidents. In Myanmar Protests, Women Are on the Front Lines. [3] Each of the three committees, made up of Amyotha Hluttaw, Pyithu Hluttaw members of parliament, or military-appointed lawmakers, nominates a candidate for presidency.[3]. The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော်‌ သမ္မတ; MLCTS: nuing ngam tau samma.ta.) It provided that the president is both the head of state and de jure head of government. Huge crowds in Myanmar's capital Nay Pyi Taw have attended the funeral of a young woman killed in protests against a military coup. From 1862 to 1923, the colonial administration, housed in Rangoon's Secretariat building, was headed by a chief commissioner (1862–1897) or a lieutenant-governor (1897–1923), who headed the administration, underneath the governor-general of India.
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