Hla Maung Tin ( January 2011 – 20 June 2014) was an elected Rakhine State Hluttaw member representing USDP from Ann Township in 2010 general election. Approximately one year ago ARNO wrote an open letter to Mr. Knut Osby, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Myanmar, to stop using the derogatory term “Ku Lar” to refer to Rohingya on maps produced by the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU). In February 2017, the Arakan Liberation Party—which is one of eight NCA signatories—proposed holding ethnic-based national-level political dialogue in Rakhine State, but Aung San Suu Kyi turned down the request, saying the ALP was not yet ready. Rakhine State 0 5 10 15 20 Km 0 3 6 9 12 Miles Map ID: MIMU696v05 ... Email: info.mimu@undp.org Website: www.themimu.info Note that this map may not show all islands of coastal areas due The views and opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the organisation. On 2 January 1785, the internally divided kingdom fell to invading forces of Konbaung Dynasty, Burma. It is also commonly called Burmese nationalism, although this term has historically been used to describe a form of civic nationalism advocated by Myanmar's founding father, Aung San. MIMU’s function is to provide “information management services to strengthen analysis and decision-making of the humanitarian and development community in Myanmar.” Its continued use of racist terminology and compliant erasure of Rohingya villages seriously compromises the integrity of this function. Myanmar's Anti-Terrorism Central Committee designates Arakan Army as a terrorist group under the country's counter-terrorism law. It was ranked as the country’s second poorest region in the 2009-2010 Integrated Household Living Condition Survey with an estimated 43.5% of the Rakhine population livings below the poverty line, compared to the national average of 25.6%. [30], The NLD government refused to share executive power at state level after the Arakan National Party won a majority of votes in Rakhine State in the 2015 election. This official erasure of Rohingya villages from the records is a further step in the government’s genocide of the Rohingya, and is a clear violation of the International Court of Justice Order for Provisional Measures which directs Myanmar to preserve all evidence of genocide. Official Burmese figures state Rakhine State's population as 3,118,963. Sittwe is the capital of the state. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. His appointment as Chief Minister was formalised on 30 June 2014 although Arakan National Party opposed it. The open letter also requested the United Nations … [6] In the Rakhine language, the land is called Rakhinepray, the ethnic Rakhine are called Rakhinetha. In 2009, the electricity consumption of a state of 3 million people was 30 MW, or 1.8% of the country's total generation capacity. Rakhine State in western Myanmar has a long and proud history and a rich cultural tradition. The 1983 total does not include 7,710 Burmese nationals abroad. On 21 June 2019, the government of Myanmar authorised the shutdown of internet services in nine townships which include Ponnangyun, Kyauktaw, Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung, Mrauk-U, Minbya, and Myebon townships in Rakhine State, as well as Paletwa township in Chin State. [51]. The 2018 Sittwe bombings were a series of three bomb blasts in Sittwe, the capital of Myanmar's Rakhine State. 268 organizations were contacted to provide inputs for this round of the 3W (Who is doing what, where) exercise. MIMU-GIS uploaded Rakhine State Village Tract Boundaries MIMU v9.2.2. Based on Rakhine oral histories and inscriptions in certain temples, the history of the Rakhine region dates back nearly five thousand years. [24] About 140,000 Rohingya in Burma remain confined in IDP camps. The open letter also requested the United Nations apologize for the use of this derogatory term. During the last few years the Rohingya ethnic violence in Rakhine became extensive, which has transformed into ethnic cleansing and genocide (Nawoyski, 2013). (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The neutrality of this article is disputed. The capital of Rakhine State is Sittwe. Arakan was administratively divided into three districts along traditional divisions during the Mrauk U period. At that time, out of the 64,404 Chin in Rakhine, 55.76% were Buddhist and 33.79% were Animist. [5] The word Rakhine means, "one who maintains his own race". [60] In December 2009, the military government added three more hydropower plants, Saidin, Thahtay Chaung and Laymromyit, at a cost of over US$800 million. Rakhine State. The ruins of the ancient royal town Mrauk U and the beach resorts of Ngapali are the major attractions for foreign visitors, but facilities are still primitive, and the transportation infrastructure is still rudimentary. Small amounts of inferior-grade crude oil are produced from primitive, shallow, hand-dug wells, but there is yet unexplored potential for petroleum and natural gas production. Bamar people also practice the Burmese folk religion under the name of Buddhism. The Mahamuni Image was taken away by the Burmese Forces as war loot. Official Burmese figures state Rakhine State's population as 3,118,963. It is partially intelligible with Sumtu Chin. [7] [8] [9] [10]. Wood products such as timber, bamboo and fuel wood are extracted from the mountains. As the image of Mahamuni had been taken as war loot by the Burmese, this time the huge bell of the temple was taken by the British Army and awarded to a soldier, Bhim Singh, a Risaldar in British East India Company's 2nd Division of the British, for his bravery. Jump to navigation Jump to search. This article has multiple issues. As a result, 1.2 million people in Rakhine State lost their voting rights. As ARNO previously noted, terms such as this are considered hate speech and are part of the rhetoric which continues to fuel genocidal operations by Myanmar security forces against the Rohingya peoples. [3]. The Arakan Mountains separate it from central Burma. Since 2010, Rakhine state has had two chief ministers: Hla Maung Tin and Major General Maung Maung Ohn. MIMU-GIS uploaded Sagaing Region Village Tract Boundaries MIMU v9.2.2. The Arakan National Party, is a political party in Myanmar (Burma), representing the interests of the Rakhine people in Rakhine State and Yangon Region. [11] In 2014, he was replaced by Major General Maung Maung Ohn (30 June 2014 – present). Rakhine thus became part of the province of Burma of British India. [62] [63] Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. The Pali word "Rakkhapura" ("Rakkhita") means "land of the people of Rakhasa" (also Rakkha, Rakhaing). Rakhine (Arakan) was the site of many battles during the Second World War, most notably the Arakan Campaign 1942–43 and the Battle of Ramree Island. Rakhine documents and inscriptions state that the famed Mahamuni Buddha image was cast in Dhanyawady in around 554 BCE when the Buddha visited the kingdom. State Capital! The village is in an area of mixed ethnicity, including Rohingya and ethnic Rakhine people. A number of other ethnic minorities like the Thet, Kamein, Chin, Mro, Chakma, Khami, Dainet, Bengali Hindu and Maramagri inhabit mainly in the hill regions of the state. On 16 January 2018, a group of ethnic Rakhine locals in the town of Mrauk U, in Rakhine State, Myanmar, protested against a ban on an event that marked the anniversary of the Kingdom of Mrauk U's end. [60], Educational opportunities in Myanmar are extremely limited outside the main cities of Yangon and Mandalay. [25] The official of the United Nations and Human Rights Watch have described the persecution of the Rohingya as ethnic cleansing. [17] [21] However, an in-depth research conducted by the International Crisis Group shows that both communities are grateful for the protection provided by the military. [14] [15] From both sides, whole villages were "decimated". On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in the administration of the region. Rakhine State in the west of Myanmar shares an international border with Bangladesh and with the national states of Chin, Magway, Bago and Ayeyarwady. [26] [27] The UN human rights envoy to Myanmar reported "the long history of discrimination and persecution against the Rohingya community... could amount to crimes against humanity", [28] and there have been warnings of an unfolding genocide. On August 25, the Arakan Rohginya Salvation Army attacked some 30 police outposts and an army base in Rakhine State, causing the Myanmar Army to respond with security clearance operations. Rakhine State Tourism: Tripadvisor has 18,576 reviews of Rakhine State Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Rakhine State resource. [45]. This site may contain copyrighted material. From 1430 until 1785, it was the capital of the Mrauk U Kingdom, the most important and powerful Rakhine (Arakanese) kingdom. The ALP made necessary preparations and submitted letters three times to request approval to hold the dialogue, but the government did not reply, and at the Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting (JICM) Aung San Suu Kyi again declined the request, citing sensitive issues involving the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State. The entire Rakhine State has fewer hospital beds than the Yangon General Hospital. Local police opened fire on the crowd, killing seven and wounding 12. While most places in Myanmar have chronic power shortages, in rural states like Rakhine the problem is greater. Note: - This map represents information as reported by organizations contributing to the MIMU … The most recent mass displacement of Rohingya in 2017 led the International Criminal Court investigating crimes against humanity, and led to the International Court of Justice investigating genocide. [59]. [39]. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. However, the expanse of the successive Rakhine kingdoms does not exactly corroborate with certain known historical documentation. Few roads cross the Arakan Mountains from central Burma to Rakhine State. In northern Rakhine, first-hand information has been difficult to obtain for the UN due to access restrictions. In general, the health care infrastructure outside of Yangon and Mandalay is extremely poor but is especially bad in remote areas like Rakhine State. ARNO requests MIMU donors to urgently investigate these matters, and suspend funding for MIMU operations until they are overhauled to ensure they are not uncritically serving the Myanmar government’s hegemonic agenda in the ethnic states, including genocide against the Rohingya. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world. [57], Rivers useful for transportation in Rakhine are, Rakhine is one of the poorest states in Myanmar . [49] 0% of the population listed no religion, other religions, or were otherwise not enumerated. villages in the January 2020 Gazette of the Myanmar government’s General In August 2017, the situation worsened and hundreds of thousands of refugees fled Myanmar into Bangladesh, with an estimated 500,000 refugees having arrived by 27 September 2017. [64]. [50], The Arakanese are traditionally Theravada Buddhists. In February 2020, restriction was reimposed in those five townships. Before the displacement crisis in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar. The Arakanese repeatedly complained that their proposals in parliament are frequently rejected or not addressed. The first four divisions and the periods are based on the location of the centre of power of the main independent Rakhine-dominated polities in the northern Rakhine region, especially along the Kaladan River. It is seen by the Rakhine people as the golden age of their history, as Mrauk U served as a commercially important port and base of power in the Bay of Bengal region and involved in extensive maritime trade with Arabia and Europe. It is the administrative seat of Sittwe Township and Sittwe District. On 1 August 2020, 2G internet service was allowed in the remaining seven townships - Buthidaung, Kyauktaw, Minbya, Mrauk-U, Myebon, Ponnagyun and Rathedaung in Rakhine State and Paletwa township in Chin State, and the throttling of 3G and 4G services continue. In Sittwe District, Rakhine State, Laitu is spoken in Minbya, Mrauk-U, and Myebon townships, and is also spoken in Paletwa township, Chin State. The city has 181,000 inhabitants (2006). In January 2019, Arakan Army insurgents raided border police posts in Buthidaung Township, joining the conflict and beginning their military campaign in northern Rakhine State against the Burmese military. A new dynasty emerged in four towns along the Laymro river as Waithali waned in influence, and ushered in the Lemro period, where four principal towns served as successive capitals. In 1948, Arakan became part of the newly independent Union of Burma (later renamed as Myanmar) and the three districts became Arakan Division. Many English language users [note 1] eschew the name changes promulgated by the military government. The ethnic Rakhine make up the majority, followed by a considerable population of Rohingya Muslims. Inn Din is a village in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. the northern part of Rakhine State: Maungdaw, Rathedaung, and Buthidaung Townships (Human Rights Watch, HRW, 2013). [42] [43]. Map produced by the MIMU - E-mail: info.mimu@undp.org Website: www.themimu.info Village Tracts of northern Rakhine State (Buthidaung, Maungdaw, Rathedaung Townships) Myanmar Information Management Unit Legend!. As per the 1983 Census, 99.82% of the Rohingya, 99.24% of the "Other foreigners", 89.20% of the "Mixed races", 85.50% of the Indians and 67.51% of the "Pakistanis" in Rakhine state were Muslims. The Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. From the 1950s, there was a growing movement for secession and restoration of Arakan independence. Before the riots, there were widespread and strongly held fears circulating among Buddhist Rakhines (who were a large majority) that they would soon become a minority in their ancestral state. [50] 534 thilashin were registered in Rakhine State, comprising 0.9% of Myanmar’s total thilashin community. The Mayu Frontier District was a short-lived administrative zone of Burma which existed between 1961 and 1964. [58] Over 69% of the population live in poverty. The riots started came after weeks of accused & propaganda a gang rape and murder of a Rakhine woman by Rohingya Muslims. On 8 June 2012, Rohingyas started to protest from Friday's prayers in Maungdaw township. As of 22 August 2012, officially there were 88 casualties: 57 Muslims. Rakhine State is one of the least developed areas of Myanmar, with a diverse ethnic and religious population. The party contested 44 seats, of which it won 35. The party was founded on 13 January 2014 and registered with the election commission on 6 March 2014. [61]. Total Area: Net arable land: :14184 sq-miles (1,635,850 acres) :(18% of the total land area) Major economic sectors: Agriculture Fishery Tourism Oil and Gas Services The following lists events in the year 2017 in Myanmar. This report examines the emergence of a new form of organised violent resistance in the Muslim-majority northern parts of Myanmar’s Rakhine State. Health Cluster (Rakhine State) BASE MAP - MIMU;Boundaries - WFP,modified by MIMU 2008; Place name - Ministry of Home Affair (GAD) translated by MIMU Map produced by the MIMU - E-mail: info.mimu@undp.org W ebs it: w .h mu nfo The general state of health care in Myanmar is poor. [ citation needed ] The Rakhine people trace their societal history back to as far as 2666 BCE and have given a lineal succession of 227 native monarchs and princes [7] down to the last ruler in 1784. In part to appease this sentiment, in 1974, the socialist government under General Ne Win constituted "Rakhine State" from Arakan Division giving at least nominal acknowledgment of the regional majority of the Rakhine people. They were given this name in honour of their preservation of their national heritage and ethics or morality. [49] Minority religious communities include Christians (1.2%), Muslims (35.1%), Hindus (0.3%), and animists (0.1%) who collectively comprise the remainder of Rakhine State’s population. Around 2,528 houses were burned; of those, 25,00 belonged to Rohingyas and 28 belonged to Rakhines. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheid by some academics, analysts and political figures, including Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu, a South African anti-apartheid activist. Internal instability, rebellion and dethroning of kings were very common. Oilseedcrops.org; Editor Article, Transit routes from western China through Myanmar. [33] [34], In 2017, State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi and the Tatmadaw rejected national-level political dialogue, which was a mandatory step of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), where regional stakeholders discuss suggestions at large-scale public consultations, the results of which are shared by representatives at the Union Peace Conference or 21st Century Panglong, to be held in Rakhine State. On 1 May 2020, Internet services were restored in the Maung Daw township of Rakhine State. Various geopolitical issues gave rise to the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26). The new constitution provides for the freedom of religion; however, it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict these rights at will. Repairing IDP shelters in Rakhine and Kachin More than two years have passed since the inter-communal violence in Rakhine that led to mass displacement and the setting up of 23 main IDP camps and many other smaller IDPs sites. (Main Town! According to both the 2014 census of the Burmese government Buddhism is the dominant religion, of 88% of the population, practiced especially by the Bamar, Rakhine, Shan, Mon, Karen people and Chinese ethnic groups. In 1824, the first Anglo-Burmese war erupted and in 1826, Rakhine (alongside Tanintharyi) was ceded to the British as reparation by the Burmese to the British. MIMU-GIS uploaded Shan State Village Tract Boundaries MIMU v9.2.2. MIMU has recently removed from its Maungdaw mapping database the names of over @1999 -2021 Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO). [31] [32], On 16 January 2018, thousands of Mrauk U residents staged a protest after officials banned a memorial event to mark the 233rd anniversary of the end of the Mrauk U kingdom. 6 months, 2 weeks ago. A state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region. Rakhine State ( /rəˈkaɪn/ ; Burmese : .mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{font-family:Pyidaungsu,"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,"Noto Sans Myanmar",mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်; MLCTS : ra.hkuing pranynai, Rakhine pronunciation [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè] , Burmese pronunciation:  [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀] ; formerly known as Arakan) is a state in Myanmar (Burma).
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